A bit of Arabic toponymic etymology (= origin of place names)
Mount Canigou
Wikipedia: The Pic du Canigou (Catalan: Pica del Canigó) is the high eastern peak of the Pyrenees range, on the Canigou massif. It is located in the Conflent, department of Pyrénées-Orientales, and culminates at 2,784 meters above sea level.
We are classically told that Canigou would mean the top in a wedge or a dog's tooth.
Knowing Arabic, I rather see Qarn el Ghoul there = the peak of the ogre, or the peak of Algol, Algol being a star of variable brightness.
see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghoul
This Arabist hypothesis is reinforced by the name of the main ridge that leads to the summit: the KAZEMI ridge. It doesn't sound very Latin but much more Arabic. In Arabic, KAZEM is a first name, a surname and a qualifier. Thus, in Iraq a mosque is called al Kazemyia.
The KZM root refers to self-control, restraint and indeed, to reach the summit via the ridge path, it is better to control your steps to avoid falling on one side or the other of the ridge....
Ramatuelle
Wikipedia: Ramatuelle is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. It is located on the peninsula of Saint-Tropez.
Ramatuelle and the entire peninsula of Saint-Tropez was under Arab-Muslim domination from 890 to 972
For an Arabist ear, Ramatuelle immediately evokes Rahmatu Llah, رحمة الله, God's mercy.
Saint-Tropez
Wikipedia: Saint-Tropez (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ tʁɔpe]; Occitan: Sant Tropetz, pronounced [san(t) tʀuˈpes]; US: /ˌsæn troʊˈpeɪ/ SAN-troh-PAY)[3] is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. It is 68 kilometres (42 miles) west of Nice and 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of Marseille, on the French Riviera, of which it is one of the best-known towns. In 2018, Saint-Tropez had a population of 4,103. The adjacent narrow body of water is the Gulf of Saint-Tropez (French: Golfe de Saint-Tropez), stretching to Sainte-Maxime to the north under the Massif des Maures.
Saint-Tropez was a military stronghold and fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on its coast to be liberated during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. After the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Yé-yé movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and tourists.
Who is this saint who does not appear in the calendar?
I think that Tropez is close to the Greek trapeza, Τράπεζα (= the bank, the counter) which gave trapèze in French as well as in English, probably because of the trapezoidal shape of the counter with the salesman / banker on the small side and the customers on the large side.
It should be noted that on the Mediterranean coast, two cities are called Tripoli, in Arabic, Tarablous, طرابلس, one on the Libyan coast and one on the Lebanese coast, . These two cities were counters established by Muslims during the 15th/16th century when the Ottoman Empire was deploying its commercial networks.
Note that on the Turkish coast of the Black Sea, we find Trebizond, in Turkish Trabzon, and in Azerbaijan, the capital Tabriz which have the same origin.
So Saint-Tropez in the Ottoman era was a Muslim counter, and after the Spanish Reconquista, it was Christianized by canonization.
Esterel Massif
Wikipedia: The Esterel massif is a low-altitude volcanic mountain range that extends over 32,000 hectares. Located on the edge of the Mediterranean Sea, it covers the south-east of the Var and overflows into the Alpes-Maritimes.
Various etymologies are proposed in Wikipedia, I will add an Arabic one: Astaghafirullhaï, استغفر الله = I ask forgiveness from God,
Mazamet
Wikipedia: The town of Mazamet was originally populated by inhabitants who were dislodged from Hautpoul. During the Albigensian Crusade, Simon de Montfort attacked the fortress and destroyed it after slaughtering the inhabitants. Those who escaped fled, and when peace returned to France, they founded the village of Mas aimat (loved country) on the banks of the Arnette, which later became Mazamet.
Latinized Arabic terms transcribe the Q into Z, as in Sharqyun, الشرقيون, Orientals which becomes Sarrazin in French and Saracen in English. From there, Mazamet could come from Arabic Maqamat which designates the locality, the tomb.
Modane
Wikipedia: Modane (pronounced [mɔ.dan]) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.
Municipality of the Maurienne valley, it also belongs to the Vanoise national park.
The modern spelling Modane is not attested before 1700. Earlier, we find Amoudane, Amaudane, Amaldanus. The initial vowel is therefore dropped (taken for the preposition to). Could come from a proper name, that of the tenant of a manso, Amaudanes, mentioned in a cartulary of the twelfth century.
For an Arabist, Modane is close to Medina, مدينة which means the city, plural moudoun, مدن.
It is also striking that when you travel by train in the region, the railway passes successively through Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Bourg-Saint-Maurice then Modane. Two saints before falling to the Saracens!